Kepler-186f is an exoplanet, which means it is a planet that orbits a star other than our Sun. It was discovered by the Kepler spacecraft, which is a space observatory launched by NASA in 2009 to search for exoplanets. Kepler-186f is notable because it is the first Earth-sized planet found in the habitable zone of its star, which means it is potentially capable of supporting life as we know it.
500 light years from earth, much further than Tau-Ceti at 12 light years, Kepler-186f orbits red dwarf Kepler-186 with a radius similar to Earth. Discovered and documented by the Kepler space telescope, it is accompanied by four other planets orbiting much closer to the star. The planet 186f would seem to orbit it’s ‘sun’ in just over four months.
Kepler-186f is located about 500 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. Its host star, Kepler-186, is an M-dwarf star that is about half the size of the Sun and about one-fifth as bright. The planet orbits the star at a distance of about 0.35 astronomical units (AU), which is closer than the Earth orbits the Sun. However, because Kepler-186 is a smaller and cooler star, Kepler-186f receives about the same amount of radiation as the Earth does from the Sun, putting it in the habitable zone.
While news reports make popular the existence of an Earth-like planet in an Earth sized orbit, this is not interesting because the star is a red giant, and the system seems to lack the protective gas giants that would shield a planet of this type from meteorites and comets. However the Earth sized planet is important in that gravitational forces would be comparable. However the Olympics, if held on such a planet, would have their own set of high jump and pole vault records to deal with minor gravitational differences.
Kepler-186f was discovered by analyzing data from the Kepler spacecraft. Kepler detects exoplanets by observing a star and measuring the slight dimming that occurs when a planet passes in front of it, blocking some of its light. This method is called the transit method. Because Kepler-186f is Earth-sized, its transit signal is small and difficult to detect. However, scientists were able to identify it by carefully analyzing the data and ruling out other possible explanations for the signal.
Kepler-186 is a star one twenty fifth the brightness of the Sun. Kepler-186f is actually in a smaller orbit and would receive around one third the light energy than does Earth.
One of the main reasons Kepler-186f is so exciting is because it is the first Earth-sized planet found in the habitable zone of its star. The habitable zone is the region around a star where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist on the surface of a planet. This is important because water is essential for life as we know it. If Kepler-186f has an atmosphere and a stable climate, it could potentially support liquid water and therefore, life.
About ten percent larger than Earth, 186f is still not with any certainty identified as the home of oceans or a thick atmosphere. It’s rotation speed, or day is also not determined, but because of its proximity to the start 186, it is thought that the day length might be much longer than Earth’s.
However, there is much we do not know about Kepler-186f. For example, we do not know if it has an atmosphere, what its composition is, or whether it has liquid water on its surface. These are all important factors that would affect whether the planet could support life. Scientists are currently working to answer these questions using a variety of methods, including observations from ground-based telescopes and other spacecraft.
One of the challenges in studying Kepler-186f is its distance from Earth. Because it is located 500 light-years away, it is difficult to observe in detail. However, scientists have been able to learn some things about the planet using a variety of techniques. For example, they have used spectroscopy to analyze the light that passes through the atmosphere of Kepler-186f’s host star. By studying how the star’s light is absorbed by the planet’s atmosphere, scientists can learn about the composition of the atmosphere and whether it contains certain molecules, such as oxygen or methane, that could be signs of life.
Another way scientists are studying Kepler-186f is by using computer simulations. By modeling the planet’s climate and atmosphere, they can make predictions about what conditions might be like on the surface. For example, they can simulate how much sunlight the planet receives and how that affects its temperature. They can also simulate the planet’s atmospheric composition and how that affects its ability to retain heat and support liquid water.